Dimming control in visible light communication using RPO-OFDM and concatenated RS-CC

Increasing wireless data traffic is creating pressure on the conventional dwindling radio frequency spectrum. A new and reliable communication medium becomes a necessity. Visible Light Communication (VLC), a subset of optical wireless communication uses the visible light spectrum between 400 and 800 THz as a medium for communication. VLC utilizes the illumination of LED to establish a communication medium. The research focused on achieving a successful VLC communication link at low intensities of light without affecting the speed, accuracy and efficiency of VLC. The achievement of the paper was to devise a method to reduce the LED brightness, reducing energy consumption and most importantly maintain a reliable, efficient and successful VLC communication link at low intensities of LED. The research comprises of a Reverse Polarity Optical-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (RPO-OFDM) modulator, a Forward Error Correction (FEC) encoder block that uses concatenated Reed Solomon - Convolutional Coding, a digital PWM dimming control circuit, an RPO-OFDM demodulator and a FEC decoder. The decoding is performed using the Berlekamp-Massey algorithm and the Viterbi algorithm. Extensive research on various modulation schemes, coding and error correction techniques along with various driver circuit design for dimming control in VLC were thoroughly investigated to conclude the best reliable solution for dimming control in VLC

Antiproliferative effect of the Red Sea cone snail, Conus geographus

Purpose: To investigate the antiproliferative effect of the Red Sea cone snail, Conus geographus, against 4 MCF-7 (breast), MDA-MB-231 (epithelial human breast), HepG2 (hepatocellular) and SKOV-3 (ovarian) cancer cell lines. Methods: Extraction of Red Sea cone snail sample with a mixture of CH2Cl2 and CH3OH (1:1, v/v) yielded 0.55 g of a green viscous material. The cytotoxic effects of the organic extract against the cancer cell lines were determined using cell proliferation (MTT) assay, and the half-maximal concentration (IC50) values measured. The effect of the crude extract on the cell cycle of the HepG-2 was determined by flow cytometry. Results: The extract produced significant inhibitory effects against SKOV-3, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and HepG2, with IC50 values of 22.7 ± 2.2, 68.7 ± 6.2, 47 ± 4.2 and 19 ± 2.1 μg/mL, respectively. Cell cycle analysis revealed that the extract enhanced accumulation of HepG2 cells in the Go/G1 phase, at a level of 23.4 and 24.1 % at IC50 (19 μg/mL) and ½ IC50 (9.5 μg/mL), respectively, when compared to the untreated cells. Conclusion: These results indicate that C. geographus extract exhibits potent cytotoxic effect against HepG2 cells via a mechanism involving G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Thus, C. geographus is a potential source of a new anti-cancer agent. Keywords: Conus geographus, Marine invertebrate, HepG2, Antiproliferatio

Identification and Analysis of Hindering Factors of ICT Adoption in Project Management in Iraq

تكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات مهمة جدا في إدارة المشاريع. الهدف من هذا البحث هو تحديد وتحليل العوامل التي تعيق تبني تكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات في إدارة المشاريع. في هذا البحث، تم جمع 23 عاملا فعالا من مقابلة مع المهندسين والخبراء ومديري المشاريع والمصممين في المكاتب الاستشارية وشركات البناء. تم تجميع هذه العوامل في سبع فئات "العوامل المالية، العوامل البشرية، العوامل الفنية، العوامل القانونية، العوامل الإدارية، العوامل الثقافية، العوامل الأمنية". تم توزيع استبيان استقصائي شمل 75 من المستجيبين على مختلف الشركات ومكاتب الاستشارات. تم إجراء تحليل إحصائي باستخدام حزم SPSS و. Excel تم استخدام مؤشر الاهمية النسبية لمعرفة أهم العوامل التي تعيق تبني تكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات في إدارة المشروعات. كشفت النتائج التي تم الحصول عليها من الاستطلاع أن العوامل الرئيسية التي تحول دون اعتماد تكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات في إدارة المشاريع (مرتبة من أسوأ العوامل ذات القيم النسبية للمؤشر الهام، على التوالي) وهي نقص التدريب على محتوى تكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات في عملية البناء (86.4 ٪)، الرضا عن أساليب وداوت العمل التقليدية (84.8 ٪)، مشكلة تكامل / توافق تكنولوجيا المعلومات والاتصالات مع العمل (82.9 ٪)، وضعف التشغيل البيني بين التطبيقات / المنظمات المختلفة (81.3 ٪)، وضعف جودة و / أو كمية البنية التحتية للاتصالات (81 ٪).Information and communication technology is very important in projects management. The objective of this research is to identify and analysis the factors hindering the adoption of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in projects management. In this research, 23 effective factors were collected from interview with engineers and experts in project managers and designers in consultant bureaus and construction companies. These factors are grouped into seven categories "Financial Factors, Human Factors, Technical Factors, Legal Factors, Administrative Factors, Cultural Factors, Security Factors ". A survey questionnaire of 75 respondents was distribute among different companies and consultant bureaus. A statistical analysis was done using SPSS and Excel packages. The relative important index was used to find out the most significant factors that hindering the adoption of ICT in projects management. The results accomplished from survey revealed that major factors hindering ICT adoption in projects management (ranked from the worst factors with Relative Important Index values, respectively) namely, Lack of training on ICT content of construction process (86.4%), Satisfaction with traditional working methods and tools (84.8%), Problem of ICT integration/compatibility with the work (82.9%), Poor interoperability between different applications/organizations (81.3%), poor quality and/or quantity of telecommunication infrastructure (81%)

Influence of the Different Carbon and Nitrogen Sources on the Production of Biodiesel by Oleaginous Fungi Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus fumigatus

في الدراسة الحاليه  تمت المقارنه بين تاثير مصادر كربونيه ونتروجينيه مختلفه على النمو ومحتوى الدهون في عزلتين من الفطريات المنتجه للدهون    Aspergillus  terreus و Aspergillus fumigatus  . زرعت العزلتين الفطريه على اوساط زرعيه حاويه على مصادر كربونيه مختلفه السكريات الاحاديه والثنائية والمتعدده  ومصادر نتروجينيه متضمنه الببتون وخلاصة الخميرة  وكانت الاوساط الحاويه على السكروز / خلاصة الخميره  او السكروز / خلاصة الخميره اكثر تاثيرا على انتاجيه الدهون للعزلتين الفطريه خلال فترة حضانه اسبوعين حيث بلغت   اعلى قيمة للكتلة الحيويه المتمثلة بالوزن الجاف (19.6 , 18.8)   (25.8 , 30.5 ) ,   غم / لتر ونسبة الدهون  (1, 0.97 )g/L  , (0.65 , 0.65) غم / لتر لكلا العزلنين الفطريه Aspergillus  terreus   و   Aspergillus fumigatus  على الترتيب ثم تبعتها اوساط الغنيه  بالمالتوز/ خلاصة الخميرة واخيرا النشا  / خلاصة الخميرة . وفيما يخص تحليل الحوامض الدهنيه بواسطه جهاز كروموتوكرافيا الغاز Gas Chromotography   والمنتجه من قبل كلا  العزلتين الفطريتين لوحظ وجود انواع مختلفه تضمنت   Palmitic   Oleic acids , stearic acid   و linoleic acid   اي المشبعه والغير مشبعه. اظهرت النتائج تفاوت في تركيب الحوامض الدهنيه يعتمد على نوع مصادر الكربون والنتروجين , وجود الحوامض الدهنيه المشبعه الاحاديه والغير مشبعه في كلا الفطرين  A. terreus و  A.fumigatusيثبت كونهما مرشحان جيدين في انتاج الديزل الحيوي.In the present study, the growth and total lipid contents of two oleaginous fungal isolates Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus fumigatus were compared in different nitrogen and organic carbon sources.  Artificially the fungi were cultured on media consisting of various mono- or di- or polysaccharides and  peptone or yeast extract as elementary sources for carbon and nitrogen, respectively. Media containing sucrose /yeast extract or glucose/ yeast extract were the most effective for lipid production from fungal, during  two weeks  incubation period, the highest biomass of dry weight was (19.6 , 18.8) g / L , (25.8 , 30.5) g /L  and  lipid yield (1, 0.97 )g/L, (0.65, 0.65) g/ L for two isolates Aspergillus terreus and Aspergillus fumigatus  respectively then followed maltose/ yeast extract then  starch / yeast extract .Analysis of fatty acid produced by two fungal isolates  using Gas Chromatography  showed the existence of a wide range of fatty acids, these fatty acids were together saturated and unsaturated. The results revealed that the unevenness in the fatty acids composition mainly depends on the type of carbon and nitrogen sources. The existence of saturated and mono saturated fatty acids in A.fumigatus, A. terreus prove that they are  good candidate for biodiesel production. The analysis of fatty acid from the fungal growth showed the existence of a wide range of fatty acids   Palmitic ,Oleic acids , stearic acid and linoleic acid     together saturated and unsaturated. The results revealed that the unevenness in the fatty acid composition mainly depends on the type  of carbon  and nitrogen sources. The presence of saturated and mono saturated fatty acid in  A.fumigatus , A. terreus prove that it is a good candidate for biodiesel production

Study the Effect of Palm Date Extract against Bacterial and Fungal Species Isolated from Ear Infection

   تم في هذه الدراسة عزل عدد من الأنواع البكتيرية والفطرية المصاحبة لألتهاب الأذن الخارجية  والمأخوذة من مستشفى سامراء العام وتشمل الأنواع البكتيرية (Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumonia , Klebsiella spp  , Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa) والأنواع الفطرية (Aspergillus flavus , Aspergillus niger, Pencillium spp , Cladosporium)  . يعد جنس Phoenix doctitera من الاجناس المهمة والغنية بعدة مواد مغذية لذلك تم أختباره كموضوع للدراسة اذ تم إختبار تأثيره البايلوجي لحبوب الطلع ضد الأنواع البكتيرية والفطرية وبأستخدام مذيبين هما الايثانول والماء المقطر المعقم وتم اختبار فعالية المستخلصات النباتية ضد الأنواع البكتيرية والفطرية بطريقة الأنتشار في الحفر Agar well diffusion وأظهرت النتائج فعالية تثبيطية ضد بعض الأنواع المذكورة آنفاً إذ بلغت أعلى نسبة للتثبيط ضد البكتيريا Staphylococous.aureus 0.25 ± 2.23 ملم وأعلى نسبة للتثبيط ضد الفطر Cladosporium 0.2± 2.0 ملم كما وجد مقاومة لبكتيريا E.coli , Klebsiella وكلا الفطرين A.flavus , A.niger للمستخلص الكحولي كما ان المستخلص المائي لم يكن له أي تأثير ضد الأنواع البكتيرية والفطرية. A number of bacterial and fungal strains associated with external ear infections from the Samarra General Hospital were isolated and included bacterial species (Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumonia, Klebsiella spp, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and fungal species.  (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Pencillium spp, Cladosporium) The genus Phoenix doctitera is an important and rich variety of nutrients. It has been tested as a subject for study. Its biological effect on pollen was tested against bacterial and fungal species using ethanol and distilled distilled water. The results showed an inhibitory effect against some of the above-mentioned species with the highest inhibitory against Staphyiococcus .aureus 0.25 ± 2.23 mm and the highest inhibition of Cladosporium 0.2 ± 2.0 mm. Bacteria resistance E.coli, Klebsiella and A. fungus A. flavus , A. niger for the extract of alcohol as the water extract did not have any effect against bacterial and fungal species. &nbsp

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT AMBIENT FACTORS ON TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION IN THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

This paper adopted a thermal network method (TNM) based on Motor-CAD software for investigating of temperature distribution inside different parts of a totally enclosed fan cooled (TEFC), squirrel cage, three-phase induction motor, with taking ambient considerations like ambient temperature, altitude, relative humidity, and contamination into account. The thermal model of the test motor was done according to its design documents. The results obtained from Motor-CAD were verified by comparing it with that obtained from the finite element analysis taken from Flux2D software with a good agreement

Pelaksanaan Program Inisiasi Menyusu Dini Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Lubuk Buaya Kecamatan Koto Tangah

Inisiasi menyusu dini (IMD) atau early latch on adalah kesempatan yang diberikan kepada bayi segera setelah lahir dengan cara meletakkan bayi di perut ibu, kemudian dibiarkan untuk menemukan puting susu ibu dan menyusu hingga puas. Tujuan: Mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan program IMD di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Lubuk Buaya kecamatan Koto Tangah. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan evaluation research dengan pendekatan kualitatif menggunakan strategi management-oriented systems models, dengan 4 informan utama dan 9 informan triangulasi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam, dokumentasi dan observasi. Hasil: Bidan sudah cukup berkualitas dan kompeten dalam pelaksanaan IMD, tidak ada perencanaan dana IMD secara khusus karena IMD merupakan pelayanan persalinan, sarana dan prasarana sudah cukup baik, perencanaan kegiatan IMD sudah cukup baik dilakukan saat ibu memeriksakan kehamilan dan di kelas ibu hamil, pengorganisasian program IMD belum optimal masih ada yang belum tersosialisasikan secara khusus, pelaksanaan kegiatan IMD belum cukup baik, bidan tidak melaksanakan IMD sesuai protap, monitoring dan evaluasi pelaksanaan program IMD langsung dalam bentuk pencatatan dan pelaporan. Simpulan: Bidan belum mematuhi protap IMD sehingga perlu diberikan motivasi agar melaksanakan sesuai protap dan evaluasi keseluruhan program IMD oleh Puskesmas Lubuk Buaya

Cisplatin augments the anti-schistosomal effect of praziquantel in a schistosoma-infected cancer model

Schistosomiasis is the third most devastating tropical disease worldwide caused by blood flukes of the genus Schistosoma. Praziquantel (PZQ) is the drug of choice for treating all species of schistosomes. However, PZQ kills only adult Schistosoma worms, not immature stages. The inability of PZQ to abort early infection or prevent re-infection, and the lack of prophylactic effect prompt the need for novel drugs and strategies for the prevention of schistosomiasis. Tumor burden can be developed in Schistosoma-infected patients. The present study aimed to determine the host responses to mutual interaction between cancer, represented by Ehrlich ascites, and infection, represented by Schistosomiasis. Mice infected with Schistosoma and challenged with tumor 4-5 weeks later showed the same anti-schistosomal (worm and egg burden) and antitumor (total tumor cell count and mouse survival) parameters when compared to mice infected with Schistosoma alone or challenged with tumor cells alone. As expected, combinatorial treatment with PZQ and cisplatin of Schistosoma-infected mice that were challenged with tumor cell line decreased the tumor burden as well as the worm and egg burden after treatment as compared to the non-treated controls; while the worm burden and egg counts were significantly decreased (P <0.001) in treated group (VI) treated with cisplatin (0.5 mg/kg), group (VII) treated with cisplatin (2 mg/kg), group (VIII) treated with PZQ/ cisplatin (0.5 mg/kg) and group (IX) treated with PZQ / cisplatin (2 mg/kg) by 44.55% , 74%, 100% and 97.8% in worm burden, and by 47%, 78.7%, 96% and 97% in liver egg count , respectively than that of group (II) non treated S. mansoni infected alone and (IV) non treated S. mansoni/EAC alone. Also, Group IX caused a significant reduction (P <0.05) in worm burden than that of group VI. Also, total ascetic volume and the tumor cell counts in Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC)-cells were significantly decreased (P <0.001) in groups VIII and IX than that of the group (III) non-treated (EAC) inoculated alone. There was no mutual interaction between schistosomiasis infection and tumor burden. Also, whereas, PZQ did not affect on the antitumor parameters, cisplatin even at low doses had anti-schistosomal effects

Importance of bioconvection flow on tangent hyperbolic nanofluid with entropy minimization

The amalgamation of microorganisms in the nanofluid is significant in beautifying the thermal conductivity of several systems, such as microfluid devices, chip-shaped microdevices, and enzyme biosensors. The current investigation studies mixed convective flow of the entropy minimization of unsteady MHD tangent hyperbolic nanoliquid because a stretching surface has motile density via convective and slip conditions. For the novelty of this work, the variable transport characteristics caused by dynamic viscosity, thermal conductivity, nanoparticle mass permeability, and microbial organism diffusivity are considered. It is considered that the vertical sheet studying the flow. By using the appropriate alteration, the governing equations for the most recent flow analysis were altered into a non-dimension relation. Through MATLAB Software bvp4c, the PDE model equations have been made for these transformed equations. Engineering-relevant quantities against various physical variables include force friction, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and microorganism profiles. The results showed good consistency compared to the current literature. Moreover, these outcomes revealed that augmentation in the magnitude of the magnetic field and velocity slip parameter declines the velocity profile. The reverse impact is studied in We. In addition, heat transfer is typically improved by the influence of thermal radiation parameters, Brownian movement, and thermophoretic force. The physical interpretation has existed through graphical and tabular explanations

An Ongoing Futuristic Career of Metal–Organic Frameworks and Ionic Liquids, A Magical Gateway to Capture CO₂; A Critical Review

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies are the “knight in shining armor” that can save humanity from burnout in the longer term, minimizing damage from CO2 emissions by keeping them out of the atmosphere. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have received a promising career for CO2 capture due to their high porosity, surface area, excellent metal-to-ligand interaction, and good affinity to capture CO2 molecules. On the other hand, Ionic liquids (ILs) as emerging solvents have reported a significant influence on CO2 solubility due to their wide range of tunability in the selection of a variety of cations and anions along with the advantage of nonvolatility, high thermal stability, and nonflammability. The current Review highlights the recent progress and ongoing careers of employing MOFs and ILs in carbon capture technologies before their commercialization on a large scale. A brief overview of CO2 capturing using MOFs and ILs is given under the influence of their possible functionalization to enhance their CO2 separation. Information on the possible integration of MOFs-ILs as a composite system or membrane-based gas separation is also presented in detail. The integration has a high potential to capture CO2 while minimizing the unit operation costs for a stable, efficient, and smooth industrial gas separation operation. Present work attempts to link the chemistry of MOF and IL and their successful hybridization (MOF-IL composite) to process the economics for CO2 capture